Electrophoresis is an essential laboratory technique in biological studies, and its use is spreading to other types of fields, this technique helps to separate and identify the components of a sample by using an electric current to move the components along a fixed matrix.
This is a useful tool for separating organic and inorganic molecules by size, charge and/or solubility; the specificity of electrophoresis is due to the fact that biological materials are generally electrically charged, whether positive or negative.
Laboratories use electrophoresis to separate biological compounds
Since electronically charged materials move toward the opposite poles of an electric field, compounds can be separated more efficiently using electrophoresis; this is because there is less resistance to their movement along field lines.
This technique is used to detect DNA fragments, specific antibodies, enzymes, proteins and even for contaminant removal; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is often used as a tool to detect variations in DNA fragments, such as single base variations, as well as variation in length.
The basic principles of electrophoresis separation also help to provide the purity needed to obtain the desired variation
These variations can be designed to increase or decrease the length and/or molecular weight of the fragments; it is important to note that, to effectively produce products for gene therapy, the products must be further purified.
Therefore, the use of electrophoresis in the laboratory is crucial for biological studies; another reason why electrophoresis is necessary in the laboratory is the fact that the separation time and its accuracy are superior to other separation techniques, electrophoresis is performed in conductive media, these media include gels, membranes and even liquids; this helps the user to better control the separation.
Advantages generated by the use of electrophoresis in laboratories
Electrophoresis also has a high sensitivity, which means that very small amounts of materials can be detected, this characteristic makes this technique a great tool for early detection assays, for example in disease diagnosis.
Another advantage of using electrophoresis is that it is more useful than traditional separation methods, these include thin layer chromatography, affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography systems; these separation techniques have limitations that make electrophoresis more useful.
Electrophoresis is an indispensable tool in laboratories because of all the benefits it offers researchers
Electrophoresis systems can separate cofactors in a reaction, which is a useful feature for enzyme studies; this is one of the most versatile separation methods used in the laboratory.
In short; this technique is used for the separation and identification of biological components and for the early detection of various materials, it is better than traditional separation methods due to its ease of use and high sensitivity; for these reasons, electrophoresis is necessary in the laboratory.
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